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Tax Identity Theft: What to Do When Someone Files in Your Name

Tax identity theft occurs when someone uses your SSN to file a fraudulent return. Learn warning signs, reporting steps, and how to resolve it with the IRS.

How It Works

Criminals use stolen Social Security numbers to file fraudulent returns early in filing season, claiming refunds deposited into their accounts. When the real taxpayer files, the IRS rejects the return because one has already been filed. This is often the first indication of identity theft.

Warning Signs

Notice that more than one return was filed, unexpected refund, online account created without your knowledge, W-2 from an unknown employer. Any of these requires immediate action.

Resolution Steps

File Form 14039 (Identity Theft Affidavit), submit legitimate return on paper, report to FTC at IdentityTheft.gov, file a police report, place fraud alerts or credit freeze with all three bureaus. The IRS Identity Protection Specialized Unit investigates and issues an Identity Protection PIN for future returns.

Prevention

Obtain an IP PIN from the IRS (available to all taxpayers), file early each year, protect your SSN, use strong passwords and multi-factor authentication, and watch for phishing attempts impersonating the IRS.

Tax identity theft is frustrating but the IRS has clear procedures. Taking immediate action and obtaining an IP PIN provides the best protection going forward.
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